Wednesday, July 2, 2025

 

1905...debuts that lasted more than a lifetime, and an unstoppable force

 

 

            1905 brought back to us the post season championship series between the two leagues, the World Series. After being canceled by the National League Champion New York Giants the season before, the agreement was reached, and those same Giants then faced the American League Champion Philadelphia Athletics.

            The Giants, led by ace pitcher Christy Mathewson were unchallenged in their pennant run. In a sign of things to come, however, the Chicago Cubs did win fifteen of twenty games towards the end of the season, foreshadowing their incredible 1906 performance.

            Mathewson won 31 games, as the Giants won by nine games over the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Philadelphia A's beat the Chicago White Sox by two games.

            The World Series was unique, in that each of the five games were shutouts, and Christy Mathewson pitched three of those shutouts himself, a record that still stands.

            History was also made by Bill Dahlen of the Giants, who was credited with the first steal of home in a World Series game.

Bill Dahlen

            Disappointment, however, was felt by fans hoping to see the dream match up of two legends, Mathewson and Rube Waddell of the A's. But Rube didn't pitch in the Series. Conflicting reports as to why, and some of those reasons were very shady. While no one knows exactly what transpired, the official story that was distributed stated that during a train ride, Waddell 'didn't like' teammate Andy Coakley's straw hat and tried to destroy it. Coakley didn't take kindly to his property being destroyed by Rube, so the two wrestled over it. As a result, Waddell injured his shoulder, and missed pitching in the Series.

            There was a story, however, that a group of gamblers from New York offered Rube $15,000 to not play in the Series. Rube allegedly collected $500 and was swindled out of the rest.

Rube Waddell

            Amazingly, those allegations were never investigated.

 

            Whether it was superior American League pitching, or weak hitting that was the cause, but the American League pitchers were dominant over the league. The aforementioned Rube Waddell allowed an average of just 6.3 hits per game, a record that would stay until the 1968 season. Only three AL regulars batted over .300, with Cleveland's Elmer Flick setting the pace with a .308 mark. That would be the lowest batting average to win a batting title until Carl Yastrzemski's .301 in 1968.

Elmer Flick

            Flick would be the third straight time that a Cleveland player won the American League batting title, joining Nap Lajoie, who won the previous two. (And there is a dispute whether Lajoie won the title in 1902, or was it  Ed Delahanty. Lajoie had not garnered enough at bats to qualify for the title, but maybe he had. The statistics are in dispute, so according to www.baseball-reference.com Lajoie did win the title. But according to Major League Baseball and the Baseball Hall of Fame credit Delahanty with the crown)

            Regardless of those facts, 1905 would be when the Cleveland ball-club would begin being called the Naps (after Lajoie himself)

            And in Washington, the sportswriters voted to name their ball-club the Washington Nationals, but the fans kept referring to them as the Senators, so that name stuck.

            But I am getting ahead of myself a bit.

           

            It is hard to ignore Christy Mathewson's dominance over the National League.

            He went 31-9 with a minuscule ERA of 1.28, and a runs allowed average of just 2.26. It was the third of his three straight thirty-win seasons, and he won the strikeout crown for the third straight season as well.

            He won the pitching triple crown for the first (of two) time in his career. (Rube Waddell also won the triple crown, the only time that the pitching triple crown was won in both leagues) His World Series performance was 'off the hook', as he pitched the three shutouts, but also only allowed just thirteen hits and one walk to the Athletics. He allowed just 4.7 base-runners per each game against the best American League team.

            Mathewson, one of baseball early greats, was one of the original five inductees to the Baseball Hall of Fame. He notched a whopping 373 career victories, a number that was later tied by Grover Cleveland Alexander.

            Mathewson is the only pitcher to be ranked in the top ten in both career wins and career Earned Run Average (taking the nineteenth century pitchers into account).

            After failing to win twenty games for the first time in thirteen years, Giants skipper John McGraw agreed to trade Mathewson to Cincinnati prior to the 1916, where a managing job awaited him.

            He managed the Reds for a part on 1916, all of 1917, and then a part of 1918. His managing record was nowhere near as good as his pitching. He won just 164 games as skipper, against 176 losses.

           

Christy was a graduate of Bucknell University, where he served as the Class President. He excelled at both baseball and football at Bucknell, and was named to the Walter Camp All-American Football Team as a kicker in 1900.

            As his big league career progressed, Mathewson became a poster boy of sorts, for the National Pastime. He wasn't a drinker, or a rowdy type. His collegiate background and stalwart Christian upbringing and beliefs were a change from the rowdy ragtag ballplayers that were stereotypical of the time. Mathewson refused to play on Sundays.

            Mathewson also became one of baseball's more tragic figures.

 

            After volunteering to join the U.S. Army as a captain during World War I, in 1918. He served alongside fellow baseball legend Ty Cobb and commanded by Major Branch Rickey. Mathewson was accidentally gassed during a training exercise and developed tuberculosis as a result. He was discharged from the Army within the year and spent a good deal of time convalescing at a retreat in Lake Saranac, New York.

 


            Christy Mathewson


            How lasting an impact did he have?

  • The Bucknell University football stadium is named “Christy Mathewson Memorial Stadium”
  • The baseball stadium at Keystone College, in la Plume, Pennsylvania, is named Christy Mathewson Field
  • The second Saturday each August is a recognized holiday in Factoryville, Pennsylvania, Christy's birthplace. It is the Saturday closest to his actual birth date, which was August 12, 1880. The celebrations include a parade from Keystone College to Christy Mathewson Park, a chicken barbecue, and a 6K race, commemorating Mathewson's nickname “The Big Six”

 

           

            1905 also marked the debut of three significant players, each for different impacts that they had on the game on the field itself, and then looming larger in the 'culture of baseball', both in reality and in fiction.

            Ty Cobb debuted for the Tigers, and would go on to have an historical, illustrious career as one of the greatest hitters, and one of the greatest players the game has ever seen. The first player to amass four thousand hits, stories of his style of play, and style of living, have punctuated many pages in the annals of baseball history.

            Cobb became the first player to homer both before his twentieth birthday, and after his fortieth. He also established a record by homering in twenty-four consecutive seasons, since bested by Rickey Henderson.

            I will spare you those for now, but I will revisit them in a future post.

 

            One debut of seeming insignificance was that of outfielder Archibald Wright Graham, of Fayetteville, North Carolina. “Moonlight” as he was called, came from a family of ten children, all of whom were college educated. Archibald attended the University of North Carolina. He then attended the University of Maryland, where he completed his medical degree.

            But he played baseball through the outset. Signing with the Giants in May of 1905, he remained on the bench until that fateful afternoon in Brooklyn. The Giants were the visitors against the Superbas on June 29th, when Moonlight was called on in the top of the ninth to pinch-hit for Giants outfielder George Browne. Graham was on deck when the previous batter, Claude Elliott flied out.

            Graham took his position in the outfield for the bottom of the ninth, where he handled no chances, and the game ended quietly.

            He returned to the Scranton Miners of the New York State League, and played a couple of more seasons, never getting any closer to the big leagues again.

Archibald "Moonlight" Graham

            In 1906, he obtained his medical license, and began practicing in Chisholm, Minnesota, where he remained until his death in 1965.

           

            That seemingly insignificant line in the Baseball Encyclopedia could easily be lost like so many others, but somehow, it caught the eye of baseball novelist W. P. Kinsella, who used Moonlight “Doc” Graham as a character in his wonderful book “Shoeless Joe” which was the basis for the movie “Field of Dreams”.

            Baseball fans of a certain age now know all about Moonlight, and his exploits off the field. He became the doctor for the Chisholm city schools; he would collect used eyeglasses to distribute to the children of miners, free of charge; and the community still awards two financial assistance grants each year to a graduating senior at Chisholm High School, through the Graham Scholarship Fund, which was established in his honor.

 

            The third of the ground breaking debuts happened with the St. Louis Browns, where catcher Branch Rickey, of Flat, Ohio, went 0-3 in his only appearance in 1905. He would go on to bat .239 over the span of 120 career games. He allowed thirteen stolen bases in one game, a record that still stands. (he had injured his shoulder, but there was no other catcher available for the game)

            And, like Christy Mathewson, he suffered from tuberculosis, although Rickey's was pre-war, and not the result of a chemical exposure. He also convalesced at Saranac Lake, at the Trudeau Sanitarium.

            But off the field...Rickey was a visionary, and a shrewd businessman.

           


Branch Rickey

He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University, where he played on the school team.

            After his unsuccessful foray into the major leagues, he returned to college, earning a law degree from the University of Michigan. During his time there, Rickey also coached the baseball team.

            He returned to major league baseball with the St. Louis Browns front office in 1913, then joined the crosstown Cardinals in 1920. He managed the Cards for a few years, initially acting as the team President as well, but he turned that job over to the new owner, Sam Breadon.

            Breadon fired Rickey as manager in 1925, but recognized Rickey's keen eye for talent, and kept him on to run the front office. He remained in St. Louis through the 19412 season, winning six National League pennants, and four World Series titles.

            He developed the backbone of what is now the farm system that is in place today. Of course, at the time Rickey began, there were sixty or so leagues that Rickey's Cardinals had a stake in. He was the driving force behind the Cardinals dominance in the National League, acquiring talent to build the “Gashouse Gang” of the thirties, and into the early forties.

           

            Rickey moved to Brooklyn to become the General manager of the Dodgers, where his innovations continued.

            He established “Dodgertown” in Vero Beach, Florida. This was the first full-time Spring Training facility. He also championed the use of batting helmets (more on this below), batting cages and pitching machines.

            He was the first to hire a full-time statistician for the Dodgers, and recognized that on-base percentage was more telling of a player's value than batting average, and that platooning players had significant merit.

            He made history with Jackie Robinson, but didn't stop there. Rickey quickly assembled several prominent African-American ballplayers for the Dodgers. Roy Campanella, Joe Black, Don Newcombe. And a Puerto Rican outfielder with a cannon for an arm named Roberto Clemente.

            The story that I have heard was that the Dodgers knew what they had in Clemente, but tried to hide him until they could clear a roster spot. A Pirates scout  saw Clemente during batting practice, and watched him unfurl that arm, and the Pirates drafted Roberto as soon as they were able to.

 

            After a shakeup in the ownership of the Dodgers, when Rickey held a quarter share, he sold his interest to Walter O'Malley and joined the Pittsburgh Pirates organization.

            While in Pittsburgh, Rickey mandated that all the Pirates players wear fiberglass helmets on the field, both at bat and on defense. Rickey was a partial owner of the company that manufactured the helmets.

            This experiment lasted a few weeks, until the players decided that he heaviness of the helmets felt awkward, which led to their abandonment. They would later become mandatory headgear for all major league batters, as well as base coaches over the next thirty years.

           

            I remember Ralph Kiner saying that Rickey loved his ballplayers, and he loved his money, and he never wanted the two to meet. This was the result of an attempt by Rickey to cut Kiner's salary after a last place finish, which Rickey told Kiner, “We could've finished last without you”.

 

            After the Dodgers and Giants left New York for the West Coast, Rickey was very instrumental in developing the “Continental League”, whose plan was to become a third major league, and bring baseball back to New York, and introduce major league baseball to some bigger cities across the country. Rickey acted as the League President.

            While that league never did come to fruition, the mere threat of the league, and the cunningness of Rickey and his conspirators, led to the first expansion of Major League baseball beginning in 1961.

 

            So the three men who debuted in 1905 had three distinctly different impacts on the game of baseball, in their own ways.

 

            The 1905 season was the first time that both league's Earned Run Average leaders garnered more than twenty-five wins each. It only happened one other time, in 1913.    

 

            The top team pitching performances in each league were:

 

American League

National League

Chicago White Sox

New York Giants

Philadelphia Athletics

Chicago Cubs

Boston Americans

Pittsburgh Pirates

 

 

            And the top offensive teams were:

 

Philadelphia Athletics

New York Giants

Chicago White Sox

Cincinnati Reds

New York Highlanders

Philadelphia Phillies

 

            And the overall top five in team rankings were:

 

New York Giants

World Series Champions

Chicago Cubs

3rd in National League

Pittsburgh Pirates

2nd in National league

Philadelphia Athletics

American League Champions

Chicago White Sox

2nd in American League

 

            But back to the 1905 season, and the curiosities that occurred:

           

            In September, the Boston Braves and the Brooklyn Superbas met for the final series of the season. It marked the first and only time that two teams with 100 losses each faced each other in a game.

 

            The Boston Braves had four different twenty game losers, a feat which has also never been duplicated. Vic Willis, Irv Young, Chick Fraser and Kaiser Wilhelm (yes,  that's really his name) were the unlucky quartet. Willis established a record by losing twenty-nine games.

            Irv Young set a rookie record of seven shutouts, which has since broken by Russ Ford (1910), Reb Russell (1915) and Fernando Valenzuela (1981).

 

            In Cincinnati, infielder Al Bridwell made his debut, and would establish a record for the most consecutive at bats without hitting a home run. From 1905 through April of 2013, Bridwell went 3,246 at bats before finally registering a four-bagger.

            His record would be broken by Eddie Foster in 1923, and Tommy Thevenow in 1938.

           

            Fred Odwell of the Reds led the National League with nine home runs, while batting just .241. That would be the lowest batting average by a home run leader until Gavvy Cravath in 1918.

            The next Reds batter to lead the league in homers would be Ted Kluszewski in 1954.

            Odwell became the first player to lead a league in homers, and then never hit another in his career.

            Cy Seymour became the first Red to lead the league in batting, hitting .377.

 

            In Chicago, Cubs outfielder Jack McCarthy threw 3 Pirates runners out at home plate, the first fielder to do that in a game.

 

            For the Highlanders, stole 44 bases, which is the record for a player in his final season.

            First baseman Hal Chase set the record for making 38 putouts in a double-header.

 

            In St. Louis, Browns pitcher Harry Howell became the first pitcher to lose twenty or more games, but still have an ERA below 2.00.

 

            For the Red Sox, the team used just eighteen players during the season.

           

            On July 4th, Red Sox ace Cy Young and Athletics ace Rube Waddell met in the second game of a doubleheader. The A's won the twenty inning affair, with both pitcher going the distance for complete games.

 

            Athletics outfielder Topsy Hartsell est a record by drawing 121 walks, a record that would stand until Babe Ruth walked 150 times in 1920.

 

            Pirates catcher Dave Brain became the first player to hit three triples in a game twice.

           

            1905 was the only season between 1900 and 1912 where Pirates shortstop Honus Wagner did not lead the National League in any offensive category.

            He did become one of the first two players to gather 100 Runs Batted In and 50 stolen bases in the same season. Sam Mertes of the Giants was the other.

 

            Speaking of the World Champion Giants, it was Roger Bresnahan's first season as the full time catcher. “The Duke of Tralee” would revolutionize the position in the coming years, adding various pieces of protective apparel.

            He also caught the four World Series shutouts thrown by the Giants.

 

            However, Giants pitcher Red Ames did unfurl 30 Wild Pitches over the course of the season, which is the record for the modern (1901-) era.

 

            Giants third baseman Art Devlin established a record for steals at that position with 59.

 

            Now to the statistics, we'll start with the American League pitchers, who held a 17.3% advantage over their offensive counterparts.

            Beginning with the raw numbers, the top league performers, featuring Runs Allowed and Earned Runs Allowed, were:

Pitcher

Team

W-L

RA

ERA

Rube Waddell

Athletics

27-10

2.35

1.48

Nick Altrock

White Sox

23-12

2.54

1.88

Addie Joss

Cleveland

20-12

2.83

2.01

Doc White

White Sox

17-13

2.32

1.76

Eddie Plank

Athletics

24-12

2.93

2.26

Jesse Tannehill

Boston

22-9

3.01

2.48

Frank Owen

White Sox

21-13

2.75

2.10

Ed Killian

Tigers

23-14

3.10

2.27

Cy Young

Boston

18-19

2.78

1.82

Frank Smith

White Sox

19-13

2.99

2.18

 

            Then bringing up pitching performances against their team averages, we get this top ten list:

Addie Joss

Above

 

 

 

Ed Killian

Above

 

 

 

Harry Howell

Browns

15-22

3.04

1.98

Jesse Tannehill

Above

 

 

 

Barney Pelty

Browns

14-14

3.69

2.75

Tom Hughes

Senators

17-20

3.49

2.35

Cy Young

Above

 

 

 

Rube Waddell

Above

 

 

 

Bill Donovan

Tigers

18-15

3.56

2.60

Bob Rhoads

Cleveland

16-9

3.68

2.83

Andy Coakley

Athletics

18-8

3.28

1.84

 

            And then our final overall ranking would be thus:

Rube Waddell

Nick Altrock

Addie Joss

Doc White

Eddie Plank

Cy Young

Ed Killian

Frank Owen

Jesse Tannehill

Andy Coakley

 

            Looking, then,at the National League pitchers, our initial raw numbers brings us this list:

Christy Mathewson

Giants

31-9

2.26

1.28

Bob Wicker

Cubs

13-6

2.33

2.02

Ed Reulbach

Cubs

18-14

2.19

1.42

Mordecai Brown

Cubs

18-12

3.22

2.17

Carl Lundgren

Cubs

13-5

3.08

2.23

Jake Weimer

Cubs

18-12

3.01

2.26

Deacon Phillippe

Pirates

20-13

3.06

2.19

Sam Leever

Pirates

20-5

3.68

2.70

Red Ames

Giants

22-8

3.87

2.74

Hooks Wiltse

Giants

15-6

3.38

2.47

            For the record, while there are four Cubs pitchers listed, the Giants posted a better overall pitching record, statistics wise.

Team

W-L

RA

ERA

BB

Giants

105-48

3.32

2.39

364

Cubs

92-61

2.83

2.04

385

 

            At first glance, the Cubs look better, but the two differences are walks, which the Giants allowed less of, and more importantly...wins. The formula I use places a high emphasis on wins, since that's what the game is about...scoring more runs on offense, while allowing less runs on defense, will result in more wins than losses. And winning is the ultimate goal for any team.

            As it stands, the Giants were 2.17% higher than the Cubs performance wise.

            If I remove the Win factor, then the Cubs would be a better pitching team. How much so? 9.9% better. But they didn't win as many games. Not yet anyway. As I mentioned earlier, the Cubs were on the verge of becoming dominant in the League for the next couple of years. But for 1905, this is where they were.

 

            And speaking of team performances, this is the pitcher rankings against their teams:

Doc Scanlan

Brooklyn

14-12

4.29

2.92

Irv Young

Boston

20-21

3.48

2.90

Bob Ewing

Reds

20-11

3.61

2.51

Buster Brown

Cardinals

8-11

4.03

2.97

Jack Taylor

Cardinals

15-21

4.51

3.44

Christy Mathewson

Above

 

 

 

Jake Thielman

Cardinals

15-16

5.13

3.50

Bob Wicker

Above

 

 

 

Ed Reulbach

Above

 

 

 

Tully Sparks

Phillies

1411

2.98

2.18

 

            The final rankings in the National League would be:

Christy Mathewson

Ed Reulbach

Bob Wicker

Mordecai Brown

Jake Weimer

Carl Lundgren

Deacon Phillippe

Tully Sparks

Sam Leever

Red Ames

 

            And on to the hitting, where the National League batters bettered the American League by 10%, we start with this National League initial ranking:

Player

Team

HR

RBI

AVG

RC/G

SB

Cy Seymour

Reds

8

121

.377

1.40

21

Honus Wagner

Pirates

6

101

.363

1.42

57

Frank Chance

Cubs

2

70

.316

1.36

38

Mike Donlin

Giants

7

80

.356

1.31

33

John Titus

Phillies

2

89

.308

1.27

11

Sherry Magee

Phillies

5

98

.299

1.25

48

Sam Mertes

Giants

5

108

.279

1.23

52

Dan McGann

Giants

5

75

.299

1.16

22

Roger Bresnahan

Giants

0

46

.302

1.00

11

Shad Barry

Cubs/Reds

1

66

.304

1.09

21

 

            And then against the team averages, our list is then:

Frank Chance

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Honus Wagner

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Cy Seymour

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Mike Grady

Cardinals

4

41

.286

0.78

15

Homer Smoot

Cardinals

4

58

.311

0.91

21

Cozy Dolan

Boston

3

48

.275

0.79

12

Jim Delahanty

Boston

5

55

.258

0.80

12

Fred Tenney

Boston

0

28

.288

0.75

17

John Titus

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Ed Abbaticchio

Boston

3

41

.279

0.71

30

 

            Which brings our overall National League hitter ranking to this:

Honus Wagner

Cy Seymour

Frank Chance

Mike Donlin

John Titus

Sherry Magee

Sam Mertes

Dan McGann

Shad Barry

Roger Bresnahan

 

 

            Over to the American League, our initial list is as follows:

Harry Davis

Athletics

8

83

.285

1.12

36

Frank Isbell

White Sox

2

45

.296

1.04

15

Elmer Flick

Cleveland

4

64

.308

1.00

35

Charlie Hickman

Tigers/Senators

4

66

.267

0.89

6

Sam Crawford

Tigers

6

75

.297

0.92

32

Jiggs Donahue

White Sox

1

76

.287

0.98

32

Jimmy Callahan

White Sox

1

43

.272

0.96

26

Jimmy Collins

Boston

4

65

.276

0.97

18

Danny Murphy

Athletics

6

71

.277

0.90

23

Socks Seybold

Athletics

6

59

.274

0.88

5

 

            Then against their teams, our top performer list is:

Sam Crawford

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Elmer Flick

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Charlie Hickman

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Frank Isbell

Above

 

 

 

 

 

George Stone

Browns

7

52

.296

0.79

26

Harry Davis

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Bobby Wallace

Browns

1

59

.271

0.80

13

Jimmy Collins

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Jiggs Donahue

Above

 

 

 

 

 

Frank Huelsman

Senators

3

62

.271

0.88

11

 

            Bringing our top overall American League hitters to this list:

Elmer Flick

Frank Isbell

Harry Davis

Sam Crawford

Jiggs Donahue

Jimmy Collins

Jimmy Callahan

Charlie Hickman

Frank Huelsman

George Stone

 

            Again, since there was no post season award voting, I have free reign to bestow the honors on whomever I feel deserving. As such, as in the previous season, pitchers would have dominated the voting, and done so by far.

            In the American League, the Player of the Year would have been Addie Joss of Cleveland, while teammate Elmer Flick would have been the offensive player, should I have had to chose one.


Addie Joss

            In the National league, Christy Mathewson of the Giants was far and beyond the beast player in the League, and in all of baseball for that matter. He would have easily won the Player of the Year, while perennial favorite Honus Wagner would have been the offensive player choice.

 

 Honus Wagner